1. Cities have been found
2. Other nations have written about them
3. Josephus kept records
4. Head of a of a woman Virgo
5. Leo Lion
6. Flood waters washed over it, we know it was underwater. It has salt water cuttings upon it.
7. Josephus
8. Eudoxus 
9. Josephus
10. One answer: The construction of buildings was very artistic and would even be considered difficult today.

Bonuses: Admiral Pari Reis and the place was Antarctica